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Health Risks of Hexavalent Chrome Exposure
New standards lower OSHA's permissible exposure limit (PEL) for hexavalent chromium,
and for all Cr6 compounds, from 52 to 5 micrograms of Cr6 per cubic meter of air as an 8-hour
time-weighted average.
Hexavalent chromium is proven to cause cancer in some workers who are exposed to it.
Workers exposed to hexavalent chromium are at higher risk for lung cancer, asthma, damage
to the skin and destruction of nasal epithelia.
A study conducted by Brown University, and funded by the National Institutes of Health found
that naturally occurring vitamin C reacts inside human lung cells with hexavalent chromium,
and causes massive DNA damage. Low doses of hexavalent chromium, combined with vitamin C,
produce up to 15 times as many chromosomal breaks and up to 10 times more mutations – forms
of genetic damage that lead to cancer – compared with cells that lacked vitamin C altogether.
Hexavalent chromium compounds are widely used in the chemical industry as ingredients
and catalysts in pigments and chemical synthesis. Cr6 can also be produced as a by-product
of welding stainless steel or Cr6-painted surfaces.
Hexavalent chrome compounds are also broadly used in plating processes. OSHA lists the
following plating operations as impacted by its final rule: hard chrome plating, decorative
chrome plating, chromic acid anodizing, chromate conversion coating plating on plastics,
passivation, maintenance and welding.
More than a half million Americans are exposed to hexavalent chrome, including
manufacturing workers, auto collision repair technicians, platers, and steel workers.
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